Ukudlidliza okuqondile: Ukuqina Kwezakhi ohlelweni kuncike emthethweni kaHooke, futhi amabutho adonsayo akhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokunyakaza alingana nokulingana kokuqala kwe-velocity ejwayelekile (isikhathi esitholwa ngezixhumanisi ezijwayelekile).
umqondo
Uhlelo oluqondile luvame ukuba yimodeli engathandeki yohlelo lwangempela.I-Linear Vibration System isebenzisa umgomo we-suppoposition, uma impendulo yohlelo i-y1 ngaphansi kwesenzo sokufaka i-X1, Lapho-ke impendulo yohlelo ngaphansi kwesenzo sokufaka i-X1 ne-X2 yi-Y1 + Y2.
Ngokwesisekelo somthethonqubo omkhulu, ukufakwa okuphikisayo kungahle kubuselwe kwisamba sochungechunge lwezifiso ze-infinitesimal, bese kuthi impendulo ephelele yohlelo ingatholwa.Ingxenye yezingxenye ze-armonic zokuxolelwa ngezikhathi ezithile kunganwetshwa ku Uchungechunge lwezakhi ze-harmonic ngokuguqulwa okune, kanye nomphumela wengxenye ngayinye ye-harmonic ohlelweni ingaphenywa ngokwahlukana .Kukhona izici zokuphendula zezinhlelo eziqondile Ngamapharamitha ahlala njalo angachazwa ngempendulo yokuphoqelelwa noma impendulo yemvamisa.
Ukuphendula kwe-Impulse kusho impendulo yohlelo kwi-Unit Fresese, okubonisa izici zokuphendula zohlelo ngesikhathi se-Domain Domain. ngokuguqulwa okune.
ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthile
Ukudlidliza okuqondile kungahlukaniswa ku-vibration eqondile yohlelo olulodwa lwe-degree-of-from-nkululeko nohlelo oluqondile lwe-Multi-degree-of-Freedom.
. Ukudlidliza kwe-Harmonic, ukudlidliza kwamahhala, ukudlidliza kwe-attenuation kanye nokudlidliza okuphoqelelwe.
Ukudlidliza okulula kwe-Harmonic: ukunyakaza okubuyisanayo kwento eduze kwesikhundla sayo sokulingana ngokusho komthetho we-sinusoidal ngaphansi kwesenzo sokubuyisa amandla okubuyisana.
Ukudlidliza okuxakile
Ukudlidliza okuphoqelekile: ukudlidliza kohlelo ngaphansi kokuvuselelwa njalo.
. wohlelo lungamelelwa njengenhlanganisela eqondile yendlela enkulu.Kuphathwe nge-Main Mode Pourposition indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kokuphendula okunamandla kwezinhlelo eziningi zeDof.Indlela, isilinganiso kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zemvelo zokudlidliza kohlelo kuba yisinyathelo esijwayelekile ekwakhiweni okuguquguqukayo kohlelo.Izimpawu ezinamandla zezinhlelo eziningi ze-DULTIC nazo zingachazwa yi-Frequency Framensistics.since , i-matrix yemvamisa yakhiwa.Kunobudlelwano obucacile phakathi kwesici sokuvama kanye nemodi enkulu.Ijika le-Amplitude-Frequency Curve lohlelo lwenkululeko ehlukahlukene luhlukile kulokho kohlelo lwenkululeko eyodwa.
Ukudlidliza okuqondile kohlelo olulodwa lohlelo lwenkululeko
Ukudlidliza okuqondile lapho isikhundla sohlelo singanqunywa khona ngokuxhumanisa okujwayelekile.it kuyinto elula futhi eyisibonelo elula kakhulu futhi eyisibonelo esilula kunazo zonke lapho imiqondo eminingi eyisisekelo ingathathwa khona.Ibandakanya ukudlidliza okulula, ukudlidliza .
Ukudlidliza kwe-Harmonic
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokubuyisa amandla ngokulingana nokufuduka, into iphinda yaphindisela ngendlela ye-sinusoidal eduze kwesikhundla sayo sokulingana (Fig. 1) .x Imelela ukufuduka kanye ne-T imele isikhathi. Ukuvezwa kwezibalo kwalokhu kudlidliza ngukuthi:
(1)Lapho inani eliphakeme lokufuduka kwe-X, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-amplitude, futhi limele ubukhulu bokudlidliza kwe-amplitude ye-vibrate ngomzuzwana, okubizwa ngokuthi imvamisa ye-angular, noma imvamisa eyindilinga; lokhu ibizwa ngesigaba sokuqala.Imigomo ye-F = N / 2, inani lama-oscillations ngomzuzwana libizwa ngokuthi imvamisa; I-Oscillate Cycle eyodwa, futhi lokho kubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi.amplitututuituitutuire a, imvamisa f (noma imvamisa ye-angular f (noma imvamisa ye-angular
Fig. 1 ijika elilula lokudlidliza
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 2, i-oscillator elula ye-hamonic eyenziwa yi-mass ehlanganisiwe m exhunywe yi-linear shr.Use ukufuduka kwe-vibrata kubalwa kusuka endaweni yokulingana, i-vibration equation yile:
Kukuphi ukuqina kwentwasahlobo.Isixazululo esijwayelekile ku-equation engenhla (1) .a futhi kunganqunywa ngesikhundla sokuqala x0 ne-velocity yokuqala ku-T = 0:
Kepha u-Omega n unqunywa kuphela ngezimpawu zohlelo ngokwawo m kanye k, ozimele ngezimo ezingeziwe zokuqala, ngakho-ke u-Omega n waziwa nangokuthi imvamisa yemvelo.
Fig. 2 Isilinganiso esisodwa sohlelo lwenkululeko
Ukuze uthole i-oscillator elula ye-hamonic, isamba samandla ayo e-kinetic namandla akhona njalo, okungukuthi, inani eliphelele lemishini lohlelo ligcinwe.Inqubo yokudlidliza, amandla e-kinetic namandla angenakuvunyelwa njalo komunye nomunye.
Ukudlidliza okude
Ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kokuphikiswa kanye nokungamelana namandla noma okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. I-coeffing ekhulayo
(2)Lapho, m = C / 2m ibizwa ngokuthi yipharamitha yokuncipha, futhi.Ixazululo ejwayelekile yefomula (2) ingabhalwa:
(3)Ubudlelwano bezinombolo phakathi kwe-Omega n ne-PI bungahlukaniswa ngamacala amathathu alandelayo:
N> (endabeni yokudonswa okuncane) izinhlayiyana ezikhiqizwayo ezikhiqizwe, i-vibration equation yile:
I-amplitude yayo iyancipha ngokuhambisana nomthetho we-exponential ekhonjiswe ku-equation, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulayini onamachashazi ku-Fig. 3.Khuluma ngokukhuluma, lokhu okudlidliza yi-APEROIDIC, kepha imvamisa yesiqongo sayo ingachazwa ngokuthi:
Ibizwa nge-amplitude rate rate, sikuphi isikhathi sokudlidliza.I-logarithm yemvelo yokwehla kwe-amplitude ibizwa nge-logarithm minus (amplitude) rate.Obvituously, kulokhu, kuleli phephandaba Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kwe-Delta futhi, ukusebenzisa ifomula engenhla kungabalwa c.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhambi le-equation (2) lingabhalwa:
Kanye nokuqondiswa kwe-velocity yokuqala, kungahlukaniswa ngamacala amathathu okungewona ama-vibration njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Fig. 4.
N <(esimweni sokudonswa okukhulu), ikhambi le-equation (2) liboniswa ku-equation (3) .et leli phuzu, uhlelo alusekho ukudlidliza.
Ukudlidliza okuphoqelelwe
Ukudlidliza kohlelo ngaphansi kokuvuselelwa njalo.Vibration Ukuhlaziywa kwemali kuphenya ikakhulukazi ukuphendula kohlelo lokuvuselela.Surituation ukuthokozela ukuthokozela okujwayelekile.ngokuthokozela ukuthokozela ukubonwa okujwayelekile, ngokusho komgomo we-suppopition, kuphela Impendulo yohlelo ekuvuseleni ngakunye kwe-harmonic iyadingeka.Ukudalulwa kwesenzo sokuxoxa nge-harmonic, ukulingana okuhlukile kokuhamba ngezinga elithile lohlelo lwenkululeko lungabhalwa:
Impendulo yisamba sezingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye eyodwa impendulo yokudlidliza okuhlangene, okuboma ngokushesha ngesikhathi.Impendulo yenye ingxenye yokudlidliza okuphoqelekile kungabhalwa:
Fig. 3 Ijika lokudlidliza
Fig. Amajika ama-4 wezimo ezintathu zokuqala ngokudonswa okubucayi
Thayipha ku
I-H / F0 = h (), ingabe isilinganiso se-amplitude yokuphendula eqinile ekuphumeni kwama-ampligutude, okubonisa izici zemvamisa ye-Amplitude, noma ukuzuzisa; Imvamisa ye-EXESATIATION ikhonjiswa ku-Fig. 5 noKig. 6.
Njengoba kungabonakala kusuka ku-amplitude-frequency Curve (Fig. 5), esimweni sokudonswa okuncane, i-amplitude-frequency Curve ine-peak eyodwa.Ingcindezi ephakeme; imvamisa ehambelana ne-peak Ubize imvamisa evumayo yohlelo.I icala lokudonswa okuncane, imvamisa ye-resonance ayifani kakhulu nokuvama kwemvelo. Lapho imvamisa ye-excitation iseduze nemvelo Imvamisa, i-amplitude inyusa kakhulu. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-soron.at Resonance, inzuzo yohlelo iyandiswa, okungukuthi, ukudlidliza okuphoqelekile kungukuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile, ukulwela ukugwema ukubuyisa imali enkulu ukudlidliza.
Fig. 5 Amplitude Frequency Cardve
Kungabonakala kusuka ku-Phakathi I-Frequency Curve (Umdwebo 6), kungakhathalekile ukuthi usayizi ongaphansi, e-Omega zero Supression umehluko izingcezu = PI / 2, lesi sici, lesi sici singasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekulinganiseni kabusha.
Ngaphezu kokuthokozela okuqinile, ngezinye izikhathi izinhlelo ezihlangabezana nezaziso ezingagxili.
Ithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlaziya ukudlidliza okungagxili yindlela yokuphendula ye-Impelsesesse Umsebenzi uvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi:
Lapho i-0- imele iphuzu ku-t-axis esondela ku-zero kusuka kwesobunxele; 0 Plus iphuzu eliya ku-0 ukusuka kwesokudla.
Fig. 6 isigaba imvamisa ijika
Fig. 7 Noma yikuphi ukufakwa kungabhekwa njengesamba sochungechunge lwezinto zokususa
Uhlelo luhambelana nempendulo H (T) olukhiqizwe yi-unit imfihlo ku-T = 0, olubizwa ngokuthi ngumsebenzi wokuphendula okungekho emthethweni.Shing ukuthi uhlelo lumile ngaphambi kokushaya, h (t) Umsebenzi wokuphendula wokuphendula wohlelo, singathola ukuphendula kohlelo kunoma yikuphi ukufaka x (t) .Kakhethi leli phuzu, ungacabanga nge-x (t) njengesamba sochungechunge lwezinto zokususa (Umdwebo 7) .A impendulo yohlelo yile:
Kususelwa kunqubomgomo ye-superposition, impendulo ephelele yohlelo oluhambelana ne-X (T) yile:
Lokhu okubalulekile kubizwa ngokuthi i-convel convel noma i-superpositions ebalulekile.
Ukudlidliza okuqondile kohlelo lwe-degree-degree
Ukudlidliza kohlelo oluqondile nge-n≥2 degrees yenkululeko.
Umdwebo 8 ukhombisa ama-subsystems amabili alula axhumene nentwasahlobo ehlanganisiwe.
Imvamisa ngayinye ifana nemodi yokudlidliza.I-Harmonic Oscillators yenza ama-oscillations avumelanayo imvamisa efanayo, edlula ngokuvumelanisa isikhundla se-Equilibrium futhi afinyele ngokuvumelanisa isikhundla se-Omega, i-X1 ilingana ne-X2; in Ukudlidliza okuyinhloko okuhambelana ne-Omega Omega emibili, i-Omega Omega eyodwa.I-vibration enkulu, Isilinganiso sokufuduka kwesisindo ngasinye sigcina ubudlelwane obuthile futhi sakha imodi ethile, ebizwa ngokuthi yimodi enkulu noma imodi yemvelo.I-Orthogogonational of Mass nokuqina ikhona phakathi kwezindlela eziphambili, imvamisa yemvelo Futhi imodi eyinhloko imele izici zokudlidliza okungokwemvelo zohlelo lwenkululeko oluningi.
Fig. Isistimu engu-8 enama-degree amaningi wenkululeko
Uhlelo lwe-N NDINDRES lweNkululeko lunama-NATARMER NELMEMENT NEZIMALI EMAHLEKILE. Ukuhlelwa kwe-vibration kohlelo kungavezwa njengenhlanganisela eqondile yezindlela ezinkulu.Kholwa Indlela enkulu yeModi. Amasistimu we -Dof
Izici ezinamandla zezinhlelo ze-multi-dof zingachazwa futhi yizimpawu zemvamisa.Sincest Imvamisa umsebenzi wokufaka phakathi kokufaka nokukhipha, ijika elijwayelekile le-Amplitude -umatheksvery yohlelo lwenkululeko ehlukahlukene luhlukile kusuka kulokho kohlelo lwenkululeko eyodwa.
I-elastomer iyathuthumela
Le angenhla - degree degree yohlelo lokusebenza imodeli ye-mechanical ye-Astomer.an inenombolo engenamkhawulo yamadigri wenkululeko. Kunomehluko omkhulu kodwa awukho umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamafrikhwensi wemvelo futhi Inani elingenamkhawulo lezindlela ezihambisanayo, futhi kukhona ama-orthogogonationality phakathi kwezindlela zobuningi kanye nokuqina.Ukulungiswa kwe-elastomer nakho Kumelwe njenge-superposition eqondile yamamodi amakhulu.Kukhona lokhu kuhlaziywa okuguqukayo kwe-elastomer, indlela yemodi enkulu isasebenza (bheka i-vibration eqondile ye-elastomer).
Thatha ukudlidliza kwe-string.Lelet usho ukuthi umucu omncane we-mass m ngeyunithi ngalinye ubude, isikhathi eside l, ungezelwe yi-t.at I-Equation:
F = NA / 2L (n = 1,2,3 ...).
Kuphi, i-velocity yokusakazeka yegagasi eliguqukayo eceleni kwentambo ye-string.Imvamisa yemvelo yentambo yenzeka ukuba yindandatho yemvamisa eyisisekelo ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo esimnandi se-armonic.Inther, akukho inani elinjalo elilinganayo phakathi kwamafrikhwensi wemvelo e-elastomer.
Izindlela ezintathu zokuqala zentambo enezinsithi zikhonjiswa ku-Fig. 9. Kukhona ezinye izindawo kumodi enkulu ye-curve.In okudlidliza okuyinhloko, izindawo azivuphisi.Fig. I-10 ikhombisa izindlela ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zepuleti eliyindilinga elisekelwa ngokulinganayo elinezintambo ezithile ze-nodal ezakhiwa imibuthano namadayimitha.
Ukwakhiwa okuqondile kwenkinga ye-elastomer vibration kungaphethwa njengenkinga yenani lezinhloso zokuhlukaniswa ngokwengxenye. Inkinga yokudlidliza.Umqondo wezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ukushintsha okungekho emthonjeni, okungukuthi, ukuzazisa i-LIMB-NEDRECE Uhlelo) lube ohlelweni lwenkululeko oluningi lwenkululeko (uhlelo lwe-discrete)
Fig. 9 Imodi yentambo
Fig. Imodi eyi-10 yepuleti eyindilinga
Indlela Yesehlakalo Esenkumba iyisakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela esikhipha isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esiningi sezakhi futhi sizixhumanise ngenombolo ephelele yama-node.each unit i-extomer; Amapharamitha wokusabalalisa wento ngayinye agxile endaweni ngayinye ngefomethi ethile, futhi imodeli yemishini yohlelo lwe-discrete iyatholakala.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuphathelene ne-Modal ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kube yi-substructures emincane elula.On Isisekelo sokuqonda izici zokudlidliza ze-substructure ngayinye, kanye ne-morphology ejwayelekile Isakhiwo sitholakala ngokusebenzisa i-morphology yokudlidliza ye-substructure ngayinye.
Lezi zindlela ezimbili zihlukile futhi zihlobene, futhi zingasetshenziswa njengereferensi.Indlela ye-Modal Synthesis nayo ingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo nesilinganiso sokuhlola ukwakha i-The Vibration yezinhlelo ezinkulu.
Isikhathi sePosi: APR-03-2020
